Good Mothers Bad Gang

Anita Anderson Dr. Mike Calvert Teenage Wasteland 18, July 2011 Good Mom/Bad Gang Kids on the street, parents that don’t care, looking for a sense of family or belonging; do you see a child at risk? While in some cases this may be true, in many instances this is not the case. In her article â€Å"Mothers, Sons, and The Gangs† Susan Horton tells of three different gang members and their families. Although the families had different backgrounds, beliefs, and techniques they all shared in common sons who were gang members. They are mothers who care but have to face alone the battle of raising their sons in a community lost to gangs. In Horton's article we are introduced to three different families whose sons are involved with gangs. Teresa Rodriguez who still feels foreign and timid about the culture of America. Maggie Garcia who was raised in the same neighborhood as her son and believes that loyalty to the neighborhood is just and understandable. Gayle Thomas Kary, because of financial struggles was thrown into the gang community and fought her best to save her son. These young men were all minors living in a society pressured by gang affiliation. Although their homes had loving mothers their gangs had friends, boldness, acceptance, and a way of life. â€Å"There may be several deep-seated, underling motives for joining gangs: â€Å"Those who join gangs are struggling with the classic, desperate needs of adolescence: for the end of childhood; for acceptance as an adult; for sexual, social and economic identity; for status and success; for respect and a sense of belonging†. Sheldon, Tracy, Brown 77) Not all of these aspects are apparent in gang members but at least one is. In Teresa Rodriguez's case her son at thirteen unbeknown to her belonged to the gang Sur 13. Because of his boldness he was shot and the family home has been victim to drive-bys ever since. The bullet missed his heart and fortunately he survived. Still he did not learn his lesson and claimed that he did not care if he died. Finally his mother threatened to send him to l ive in Mexico if he continued to go out. â€Å"He did not want that, so he stayed inside. But that has not stopped him from dressing or acting like a member of the Sur 13. After the incident of the shooting Rodriguez also found out that all three of her older sons were part of gangs. Her 16-year-old threw away his cholo clothes right when he heard about his brother. He had not been with the gang since then. The two older boys are very repentant, but it is the father had always left rearing the children to the mother he did not have a strong, active, male role model. So, perhaps he felt as if he had no other alternatives. Maggie Garcia also has a son who is a gang member but her view and approach to her son’s affiliation is very different. She was raised in the same neighborhood as she raised her son in; she understands how much the neighborhood could mean. During school her son got into a fight with a rival gang member because each claimed a different neighborhood. Her son was expelled and she felt the principal at his school was upset because my son had stated that he would die for his neighborhood, but if he had said that if he would have died for his country, the principal probably would have given him an award. This mom understood that the danger in the inter-neighborhood conflicts that her son gets into because other family members have been lost to such conflicts. Sadly this is not enough for her to forbid her son from being with his friends. She feels that by doings so would be like her son telling her not to be with her friends. Garcia follows similar problems as the Rodriguez family; she mentions her history and connection to the neighborhood. In this story the father is also absent and the mother supports her son and find it difficult to believe that her son is wrong. She does not have a bad relationship with her son but he receives no discipline or clear-cut parameters from her. She seems to feel that he is loyal to his friends and at times perhaps takes his loyalty a little too far. Garcia seems to adopt the â€Å"boys will be boys† attitude and does not want to believe that her son may be committing crimes or may be with the wrong crowd or may be in a gang. When he was arrested she insisted that he was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. She could not accept that maybe he is doing wrong and that he should have known better than to be in such situations. She tells him to stay out of the fire but her words are not strong enough to keep him out. Although she is not a bad mother, she is not giving her son reason to stay out of gangs. Because she could no longer afford to live in a community where her son had more opportunities and alternatives her son joined the only other thing, the gangs. The story of Gayle Thomas Kary may be the saddest one because the she tried everything and when she finally thought she succeeded her son, Jamee, died as a result of gang violence. Kary did more than the others, discipline, rules and action. When she caught her son cutting up soap to look like cocaine she sent him to his father, perhaps a change of venue would make the difference, but three weeks later, his dad sent him back because he couldn’t control him. She tried reasoning with him telling him â€Å"†¦ fast life goes fast. â€Å"(Horton) When he was arrested for possession of cocaine Kary was highly relieved but to her disappointment he was let out on probation. Kary refused to accept him and he was sentenced to juvenile hall and a youth camp. When he was released he had a probation officer Kary could turn to. Jamee was tired of life on the streets and his probation officer convinced him to turn himself into a youth facility away from Los Angeles. Finally things were turning around and he really seemed to have changed. He was like the child she use to know Unfortunately when she let him go out with his friends to get something to eat he was shot and died. She did everything she could but still she could not save her son's life. Unlike the other two mothers Kary was really able to turn her son Jamee around. She finally made him understand and she can say that his death was an accident. He was not just a number or a statistic of children lost to gang violence. Although, these mothers were, loving they could not help that a major factor was absent from their son’s lives, their fathers. The fathers may have been there but none seemed to take an active role in their children's lives. Parents can make a difference in their children's lives but many times they cannot do it alone. Gangs are not only the problem of the parents it is a problem of society. â€Å"To prevent gangs, society, police, and parents have to work together to keep gangs out of neighborhoods and also to address the existing gang problem†. Ojile) It may be easier to blame the parents but the truth is the parents are not only the ones to blame. We have to realize that in a society where gangs are the neighborhood it could be our son, our daughter, our nephew, etc. that is lost in the gangs. Works Cited Horton, Susan. â€Å"Mother's, Son's and the Gangs. † Los Angeles Times 16 Oct. 19 88. Print. Ojile, Todd. â€Å"Gang Activity in Wichita. † Teenage Wasteland. Baker University, Wichita Campus, Wichita, Kansas. 25 July 2011. Lecture. Shelden, Randall G. , Sharon K. Tracy, and William B. Brown. Youth Gangs in American Society. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004. Print.

Proper Way to Live by Confucianism and Taoism Essay

Proper Way to Live by Confucianism and Taoism Introduction             Confucianism and Taoism are ideologies that originated from China. These two ideologies have become very influencing though they have been known to be different in various approaches. The analysis of this paper will include introduction of the main ideologies of Confucianism and Taoism, and it is also providing a comparison between the two ideologies. Confucianism             It is a word used for the ideologies of Confucius, a scholar that existed at the time of warring states. The keyword of Confucianism generally is the concept of humanism (Ritzer 37). Among the five virtues of Confucianism are Humanism, Righteousness, Principle, Knowledge, and Integrity. Taoism             He was a scholar who like the others lived in the period of the warring states, and had a different approach in his ideologies. Tao is the main concept of Taoism, meaning â€Å"way.† It is described as a spontaneous, natural, external way of things, as well as the way they pursue their course (Ritzer 38). The argument of many philosophies is that in case people are going to let everything in life to flow in their own way, then everything would definitely work out, like in the starts of his argument in this case it affirms the word â€Å"refrain.†             While Confucianism has emphasized more on humans and their capabilities, Taoism has emphasized nature and equality. According to Confucius when an individual has faults, he should not have fear in abandoning them. Confucianism recognizes the need to be strong by shunning away any set back from other people who do not recognize the ability that you possess as portrayed by the statement â€Å"Do not grieve when people fail to recognize your ability, Grieve for your lack of ability.† Never listen or be bothered with what they think about your ability but always rise-up to the occasion and not grieve. These concepts are what Confucius was using in bringing order and peace to society and he was considered successful in doing so. Based on the facts that his argument on life emphasizes more on the importance of human relations, it is still influential.             Confucius recognizes what a noble mind aspires to â€Å"slow to speak and quick to act,† in the same way the ancient people spoke little, similarly Lao Tzu view that life is supposed to be with little quarrels in order to avoid quarrelling with other people. Confucius viewed life to be all about loyalty, ready to change whenever wrong, always standing by your words, as well as choosing only the kindred as your friends.             Taoism has emphasized humbleness and gratefulness throughout life, â€Å"†¦have little and gain; Have much and be confused.† Taoism also has considered humbleness in life in another perspective; standing by your own words as a way of being humble. The philosopher describes wise men as setting example to all and in order for that to happen a wise man must always stand by his own word, a character that can be desired and be emulated â€Å"†¦.And set an example to all†¦.They shine forth.†             Taoism view about life has been considered as perhaps too mystical. It can be criticized to be just an ideology that is trying to escape reality. Moreover, as much as Taoism could give a skeptical view, it failed to provide a realistic solution about life.             However, Confucius as a philosophy has a deeper sense of life with realistic solution, especially regarding the opinion that other people have about some other people. According to Confucius, people should not just be comfortable with the way they have been described and give title whether positive or negative. When they talk good about other people, do not just take the complement and remain comfortable, investigate and find out the reason behind being good to them. This is always more serious when they hate you. Since there are many reasons behind somebody holding an opinion about another person, it is indeed important to investigate more why other people have decided to have that opinion, this is because there may be genuine reason behind doing so which may just be a misunderstanding of what was wrongly perceived.             According to Confucius just like Taoism in some aspects every individual is required to act with virtue in every social matters, family, community, state, and kingdom, mainly to ensure order and unity. Though these two philosophies may have taken different philosophies, they have in one way or the other succeeded in shaping of the society in terms of their way of life and their approach to life. Realistic or not realistic their ideologies stand to stay and the perceiving mind is what should embrace and accept the reality. Conclusion             Following the rise of individualism and freedom, the modern society always forgets their manners and patience. Most of the people tend to be selfish, rude, and having over high esteem about themselves. Just as emphasized by Confucius in his time, people should learn to be calm and respectful in life. Also Taoism has pointed out the need to learn being free, empty our minds, as well as clear our souls. This is because nobody in this world that do not need peace of minds. References Ritzer, George. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots: The Basics. McGraw-Hill, 2009. 37–38. Print. Source document

Current_Event_WK1_RES351 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Current_Event_WK1_RES351 - Research Paper Example The company also conducted a business research in the Smartphone industry to establish unexploited features/ characteristics that could give the new series a competitive advantage. Equally, through consumer surveys, the company sort to establish what new or advanced features that the customer expected to get on the new iPhone series. With all these information, Apple Inc. was able to develop an iPhone series that was slimmer, lighter and with a high-resolution 16:9 screen ratio. Other additional features include an advanced mobile operating system, customized ARMv7 processor, and support for LTE. Conclusively, the case study of Apple Inc. in regards to the success of iPhone 5 confirms the significant role played by business research. Through business research, a company is able to develop products and services that will meet customers’ expectation and hence offer it a competitive advantage within the market, since according to Pogue (2012) Apple Inc. is currently the world largest Smartphone maker by

Admissions Application For a Graduate Program 500 words Essay

Admissions Application For a Graduate Program 500 words - Essay Example I returned to college when I was more economically stable and, at the age of 25, acquired a BA Degree. After that, I acquired a Master’s Degree in teaching social sciences. My first exposure to the functions of human resource officials took place when I was employed as a secretary, who doubled as an administrative assistant. Since then, I have also worked in different capacities as a certified teacher, and a customer service representative. At present, I work as an administrative assistant in the Planned Parenthood Federation of America’s finance department. There are many educated individuals who are opting for a certification in human resources. Business professionals, in particular, are seeking to acquire it because it allows them to be able to work in an assortment of well paying fields. Fairleigh Dickinson University is recognized as an important institution that provides indepth certification programs for qualified professionals. Acquiring a certification will help me to be able to develop additional skills which will contribute towards acquiring job stability in my chosen career. I would like to work in the human resources department of a large organization, in order to acquire the kind of extensive experience that can only be afforded by that kind of setting. Acquiring a certification in human resources will also allow me to be able to operate in assorted capacities. Many corporations, particularly in the international setting, require more professional, or expert human resource personnel than they have at present (Mathis & Jackson, 2010). This is because there are many corporations which have to navigate through the complexities that result from mergers, layoffs, the prospect of hiring exceptionally talented workers, and handling complicated insurance changes. The Certification program will inform me on the important aspects

Michel Foucault Panopticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Michel Foucault Panopticism - Essay Example al authorities have chosen to control citizens through the appointment of a syndic which will have an ‘absolute’ power over the town’s population. The term ‘absolute’ means that people in this ‘imaginary’ town are not allowed going out of their homes apart from the hours and the places indicated by the syndic in advance. This structure resembles with a prison and in this way the argument of Foucault that prison could be considered to have the same ‘structure’ as a hospital or a school, could be justified. On the other hand, in order for the above scheme to operate successfully, there should be provisions for the participation of citizens in it. In this context, it is noticed by Foucault that ‘this surveillance is based on a system of permanent registration: reports from the syndics to the intendants, from the intendants to the magistrates or mayor; at the beginning of the lock up, the role of each of the inhabitants pre sent in the town is laid down, one by one’ (Foucault, 1995). In other words, the effectiveness of this scheme could be based on the existence of a specific plan of registration through which all people participated in the relevant ‘project’ would be registered. Under these terms, every event in the town would be precisely checked and every aspect of citizens’ life could be controlled. In real terms, the above scheme could be partially applied. In modern towns where a series of tools of surveillance has been implemented in order to control crime, the life of citizens is under the control of the state. The above situation even if justified because of the need for the protection of citizens’ life and property, it should be carefully reviewed as of the appropriateness of the machines used for the surveillance of human activities. In fact, the conditions of life in modern town resemble the description of Foucault’s imaginary town. In accordance with Foucault this town will be a place ‘in which the individuals are

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Reflection Paper - Essay Example Similar to workers, we, the students, also need to acquire at least minimal self-management skills in our academic activity as it helps a lot to adjust the process of knowledge acquisition for ourselves in a way that would show the most fruitful results. Setting right goals, developing a strategy of their achievement and reasonable and considered time management are inseparable parts of being successful academically, i.e. successful learner. However, successful learners are not those who simply know more that others, they are also students who have more efficient and effective learning strategies that help them access and use acquired knowledge, possess steady motivation and self-monitoring skills (Dembo & Seli). To my thinking, the most successful learners are those who organize and manage their academic activity and time so smoothly that they avoid stress and are never overwhelmed with exhausting homework, they take learning easy and at the same time manage ti achieve favorable res ults. What is also important, academic self-management should enable students to maintain balance between serious learning process and fun campus activity. Gaining control over the factors that might influence learning and academic performance – and there are plenty of them – the student will be able to eliminate unfavorable factors or at least reduce their impact to the very minimum. It is fully understandable that we all are so different and various factors may produce different impact on us and each of two students studying the same major may feel their effect to certain extent. What is extremely stressful for me, might be harmless for someone else. Thus, the primary task is to explore our psyche, inclinations and personal peculiarities in order to learn to regulate, monitor, evaluate and reinforce our life and academic performance in the most efficient way. Willing to

Programming III ( Advanced ) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Programming III ( Advanced ) - Assignment Example ation and deserialization is independent of the platform used, that is, data serialized on one machine is able to be deserialized on a completely different machine with a different platform (DAnjou, 2005). Serialization in java has been used mainly to facilitate communication between different machines, for persistence, deep copying, caching and cross java virtual machine synchronization. The use of serialization is advantageous since it allows for refactoring , it is customizable and easy to use, allows encryption, compression and authentication thus facilitating secure computing and lastly, the mechanism allows interchange of libraries between java and other programing languages such as C++ among other advantages. Despite the above stated functions and advantages of serialization in java, there are too many disadvantages associated with serialization. Serialization offers significant overhead thus it cannot be used with large objects. Also, the serialization facilitates increased memory requirements for a system. The use of data serialization also leads to breakage of identity of an objects, and invasion of the programming model. To address this disadvantages and limitations of serialization, an input/output process mechanism has been introduce. This mechanism is referred to as Externalization. Not only is Externalization used to eliminate the limitations of serializations, but also in some cases, it is exclusively required. Externalization refers to the process in which externalizable interface is implemented to facilitates persistence and restoring of the object. Basically, the externizable interface works by extending the serializable interface. Moreover, the externizable interface facilitates definition of custom rules and also, definition of customizable serialization mechanism. Thus, it can be easily said that externalization is an extension of serialization. The process of using Externalization is similar to the implementation process of

DQWeek 5 technology essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DQWeek 5 technology - Essay Example In fact, it is expected that this technology will become more persistent in every business as well as personal lives. At the present, the implementation of biometric authentication technology can be seen all around our lives for example at homes where normally an active biometric authentication sensor is used. When children return home and make use of the biometric sensor after playing in the mud and dirt whole day. In this scenario, this sensor can detect the dirt in hidden areas of the body to suggest much better wash. In the future, the use of biometric authentication sensor can be expected for car system where a family hoping to go anywhere. In this scenario, children will not be able to ignite the car without parents’ authentication to start the car (Reid, 2003; Kaschte, 2005). There might be some disadvantages of this technology but its advantages are so important and people want to benefit from them that the disadvantages will be more and more reduced in the future. In short, it can be said that the applications of biometric authentication technology will increase to a greater extent in the future. In fact, this technology will be supported among a variety of equipment by the some enhancement of the technologies and the decrease in the prices for software and hardware. In the future, it is expected that the biometric authentication will be used in various other areas of life such as ATMs, PDAs, access to Personal Computers and mobile phones, access to cars and buildings, DRM systems and many more we cannot even imagine (Kaschte, 2005; Bhattacharyya et al., 2009). From the above discussion it has been clear that the future of biometric authentication technology is bright but a number of security attacks on biometric authentication technology would also be increased in the future. It is possible that in future new and more sophisticated techniques emerge for breaking in biometric authentication systems. It is expected that in the future there will e merge a number of techniques that can be used to evade this technology (Waqas, 2009; Riha & Matyas, 2000). Moreover, some researches show that biometric systems are not ideal for security and as a result sometimes serious issues and errors can occur. In fact, with this technology it is possible that an authorized individual can be rejected by the system or that a non-authorized individual can be able to get authentication into the system. In the future, a variety of vulnerability techniques can be generated for biometric authenticated systems that can include fraud by incorporating some fooling and fraudulent methods (Waqas, 2009; Riha & Matyas, 2000).. Furthermore, another major issue with biometric authentication system is lack of support for platforms and systems. In fact, this kind of support is extremely limited and current standards are not properly followed. In this scenario, there can emerge a number of security attacks. In addition, it can lead to a great deal drastic situa tion where an attacker can smash the overall security of the system (Waqas, 2009; Riha & Matyas, 2000). DQ2: Sec Products Find a commercial or shareware product related to this weeks topic, describe how it works, and discuss its security. This section presents an overview of the telecom system security. For telecom system security the protection of telecommunications applications and systems is a significant scenario for numerous causes.

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Example for Free

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Throughout life, people are faced with many obstacles, but one of the main things for people to do is adapt to the obstacles and learn how to move through and around them. Individuals have to change in order to adapt to the life around them, but there are times when it is too difficult for some to change. Some may experience immense trauma and find it difficult to move on from things whilst others find it hard to come to terms with new life. No matter what people are forced to do things that they may not want to do, but they have to choose whether to adapt to these changes, or suffer the consequences. Being able to adapt in life is an important skill as people are faced with having to change daily. However, some individuals do not have the skills required to adapt, or they have been through traumatic experiences that inhibit that ability to adapt. Shoba and Shukumar in the story â€Å"A Temporary Matter† are faced with a horrific ordeal which forces them to adapt to new life, this however, does not turn out the way they had planned and they eventually split up from not being able to fully adapt and accept the changes â€Å"they’d been through enough† and Shoba â€Å"needed some time alone†, their relationship eventually dissolves. A similar thing happened to Mrs Sen in â€Å"Mrs Sen’s. † She was forced to adapt to a new country and learn their way of life, this although, proves to be too difficult for Mrs Sen as she was unable to successfully learn how to drive â€Å"I hate it. I hate driving. I won’t go on. † Mrs Sen just ends up frustrated and defeated. Her main challenge was her inability to adapt to a new culture as she was living in her past, constantly trying to mix the two cultures together. This turns out unsuccessful as well as she finds people in her new home, treat her as if she was strange, â€Å"an old woman on the bus kept watching them† the people around Mrs Sen felt uncomfortable at times which made it even more difficult for Mrs Sen to adapt and change to the new community and life around her. Mrs Sen chooses to retreat into her past, something that she is comfortable and familiar with, â€Å"she pulled the blade out of the cupboard, spread newspapers across the carpet, and inspected her treasures. † The fish to her is safe and brings her back to ‘better times’ in her life, when she was happy. In some ways, people are better at some things than others, adaptability is one. In â€Å"This Blessed House† Sanjeev had to adapt to the situation he was faced with; either taking away the religious icons and upsetting his wife, or putting up with them, just so he could please her. Although Sanjeev was able to accept Twinkles fascination with the icons in the end and let her indulge herself with keeping them around the house â€Å"for the rest of their days together she would keep it on the mantel†, he had a hard time coming to terms with it. People tend to struggle with new challenges, but some are able to overcome that struggle, such as Sanjeev. This idea is also borne out by â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† as the narrator in the story struggles with the changes in his life when he first moves, but he eventually learns a routine and adapts choosing to use the same pattern over and over again as it becomes safe and familiar, he ate â€Å"cornflakes and milk, morning and night† which was easy for him. When moving into Mrs Croft’s house, he had to adapt again, learning her environment and how things worked in her house, â€Å"fasten the chain and firmly press that button on the knob! This is the first thing you will do when you enter. † He not only had to adapt to his external environment but his internal environment as well. Mrs Croft would always expect the same from him whenever they spoke, always waiting for him to respond with â€Å"Splendid! † after her remarks. An ongoing quality for the narrator in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† is that he had to adapt to many things, including an arranged marriage. He had to adapt to a new person coming into his life and living with him for the rest of his life. This was substantiated to be difficult at first, but soon grew on him â€Å"for the first time, we looked at each other and smiled†, he welcomed her company in the end and truly loved her. If he was unable to adapt, this would not be the case. In a similar way, Miranda had many obstacles to adapt to as well. She was challenged when starting a relationship with Dev, as she had never had a physical relationship with a married man before. She struggles with this for a little while when his wife comes back, as it seems wrong when then wife is home, but she learns to adapt to not being able to go out with Dev and only being able to stay inside with him from fear of his wife seeing them. But, in the end Miranda had to adapt to a life without Dev. We are left with the thought that she is ble to move on and change into a better person as she â€Å"walked past the restaurants where Dev had kissed her,† and gazed at the â€Å"clear-blue sky,† proving to us the she has moved on from a life with Dev. In most people’s realities, they are able to pick themselves up and adapt to new changes, but there are also those rare people who struggle to do just that and it is too difficult to try and change. These people are forced to deal with other challenges in their life that they will e ventually learn to overcome. In Lahiri’s stories, she shows us that in order to succeed individuals need to be adaptable.

The Amish and their ways Essay Example for Free

The Amish and their ways Essay There are many cultures around and have different view as we do. People are all different and no one is alike. We all perform different beliefs and ideas. One of these cultures are the Amish. They live a different way of life than what we do or as myself. The Amish way of life has many interesting concepts that may make them different from different cultures. Some may see the Amish as bad people but they are not and their way of living distant and makes them look stronger in todays society. The primary mode of subsistence of the Amish is Horticulturalist. They are farmers. They plant different crops every year depending on the time of year. The women help them with the farming and with the farming they feed themselves and most don’t depend on anything else other than what they grow on their lands. tillers of the soil and people of the land. When a young Amish couple gets married they are given a parcel of land by one of the fathers. This land is given so that the couple can get a head start on taking care of themselves and earning a living. The Amish people today do not use many modern day agriculture implements depending on the old ways to farm and harvest crops. The Amish have a patrilineal descent pattern, although they do incorporate the mothers maiden name as a childs middle name. This only confirms the fact that the Amish believe Christ is the head of man and man is the head of women. Women’s descent lines are in no way ignored, they are just less emphasized. The (male) father is the individual who possesses the most authority within the Amish family. Inheritances are often passed down through the male side of the family. Sons are more likely to gain property than daughters, and it is typically the younger siblings who receive the inheritance. The Amish naming patterns are the most similar to the Iroquois and Inuit kinship systems naming patterns. They include the same names for nuclear family, although in the Amish culture the mothers sister is called Aunt and not mother as well.The Amish go through three stages of childhood. These can be classified as the little people, the scholars and the young people. The little people include children below school age, the scholars include people who are in school and the young people include those who are 15 years or older who are exploring themselves at social events like youth groups before marriage. With age comes social power and according to the Amish wisdom is based on age and experience rather than the level of education obtained or scientific knowledge. Most Amish people get married between the ages of 22 and 25 on a Tuesday or Thursday and divorce is rare. By the age of 45, the Amish woman has 7.1 children and this is largely based on the fact that the Amish do not view birth control as a permissible medication to use. Marriages and church services take place in the homes of the older Amish communities and the more liberal Amish people have church services in church buildings. Sometimes extended family will all live on the same farm and couples will retire so that their children can take over the farm. Men are seen as the head of the house hold and are often treated with more respect than the women. The main functions of the Amish families are procreation, nurture and socialization. Certain loyalties towards family members exist not only in childhood but throughout life. It is the mans duty to find another Amish woman to be his mate. His selection of possible wives is limited but can extend to other Amish communities other than his own. The Amish have limited contact with other communities because of the fact that they do not rely on technology such as the internet and telephone. Therefore most marriages occur within the same communities. Many mates meet at singings, where the boys sit on one side of the table and the girls on the other. Girlfriends and boyfriends do not often refer to each other by their first names and instead refer to them as he or she. Families are patriarchic and monogamous with the father being the head of the house hold. The wife is supposed to be obedient to her husband but first and for most she is supposed to be faithful to god and there are no grounds for a divorce. The wife has a purse that is controlled by her husband who gives her money for house hold items and clothing as needed. Arguments among couples often go unnoticed or with silence. Children are seen as sinless as they are believed not to know the difference between right and wrong and it is the parent’s responsibility to teach the children these things. In terms of laws and rights the Amish are essentially egalitarian. The lines between each social status are very blurred, and although women’s voices are less heard their votes still count equally to the votes of men. The Amish do not have an established government. Social power comes from the ministers and church officials. The Amish culture does not identify with a political structure. The church leaders have more of an influence over the people than any political power does. Laws used throughout the rest of the United States are also enforced in the Amish counties of the Northeastern United States. Punishment in the Amish culture is excommunication from the church and or banning from the community and from communicating with friends and family still in the community. Gender roles play a large part in Amish communities. From a young age, the Amish are taught the roles of males and females. The Amish take their beliefs from the bible. This is how the concept of gender roles came about in their society. Amish women are expected to cover their hair to show submission. They are expected to honor and support their husbands. In Amish communities, the males are the leaders and the ones who make the decisions for the entire community. The women are expected to take care of the family and maintain the house. Women generally do not have jobs outside of the home. However, young women are usually schoolteachers. Once there are small children in the home however, it is difficult for women to have outside jobs. The role of women and men differ in mainstream society. Today, their roles have moved to become more equal. Men will help with the housework and women often have full-time jobs helping to support their families. Because of their religious beliefs, the Amish still separate male and female roles. Although I may disagree about some of their ideas, I can understand why the Amish’s view of gender works in their communities. They have lived this way for a number of years and they seem to accept their roles well. Even though it appears that women are inferior to men, women are also free of some social pressures common in mainstream society. Amish women do not accentuate their physical appearances. They do not wear make-up or modify their appearances in any way. This is hardly the case in mainstream society. Despite these seemingly strict gender roles, the boundaries can be crossed. For example, if there is a lot of work to do, the women may help with the field work, and sometimes the men will help with the household chores. The Amish seem to be content with how their communities are run. The Amish people of modern day America are no different as this unique subculture strives to cure the sick and diseased within the realm of community accepted means. By taking a detailed look at the methods utilized by the Amish to cure sickness and disease, one will come to appreciate the role culture plays in establishing medical treatment as well as the importance of health matters in Amish society. One of the most common and historically based methods for curing the sick and diseased in Amish society is through the use of folk remedies. Folk or house remedies as it is often termed, have their roots in the Germanic ancestry of the Amish. Oral tradition has maintained a basic knowledge of various teas, powders, liniments, and foods used in Amish folk remedies for hundreds of years. Another application used to cure the sick and diseased also has its roots in the German ancestry of the Amish. Powwowing, also called sympathy curing, is often applied to cure the sick of the community in conjunction with various home remedies. The Amish seek help from the medical establishment in nearby villages, towns, and cities when it is needed. Although there is an absence of any type of restriction in the Amish lifestyle pertaining to the use of the medical establishment, many are reluctant to seek professional medical care unless it is absolutely necessary. This stems from several reasons, one of which is the avoidance of the world, a strong Amish belief previously mentioned. Another reason is the high cost of medical treatment as the Amish do not believe in carrying health insurance. Having health insurance would be seen as associating with the world and therefore detrimental to the Amish faith. The Amish history shows us that living the way they have, is not easy. They have been able to almost completely separate themselves from the rest of society. Although they may have had to give in to some of the progressive ways of America, they remain a small jewel inside of a large country. There are very few people who live such a slow-paced, simple life as do the Amish. Maybe our society should take a closer look at the Amish and learn a few life lessons from them. Reflecting on the Amish could help us understand many problems that our own society faces every day. References 2009 The Amish. Electronic document, http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/Christianity/subdivisions/Amish_1.shtml Stevick, Richard A. 2007. Growing Up Amish. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 72, No. 5 (Oct., 1970), The Journal of Economic History, Vol. 53, No. 2 (Jun., 1993), Hostetler, John A. Amish Society. Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore and London, 1993. Kraybill, Donald B. The Riddle of Amish Culture. Rev. ed.: Baltimore, Md.; London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

Kinetics Of Nucleophilic Substitutions

Kinetics Of Nucleophilic Substitutions The study of kinetics involves the observation of the reaction rates and the factors that promote or slow down those rates. In addition to providing knowledge about the process reactions reactant to product translation, but it is also helpful in increasing efficiency in the manufacturing world as kinetics provides information about how long a reaction will take and if it occurs at all. Hence, it is crucial even from a financial aspect that kinetics is studied.1 This experiment exhibits the kinetics of a nucleophilic substitution reaction. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the kinetics of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride which solvolyzes by an SN1 mechanism because t-butyl chloride is a tertiary halide (alkyl halide). SN1 mechanism means a first order reaction with substitution by a nucleophilic solvent. The overall reaction is as follows: t-butyl chloride + H2O -> (CH3)3COH + HCl. The mechanism involves a first rate-determining slow step which ionizes t-butyl chloride and produces a chloride anion and carbocation. This is rate determining step because the rate of reaction depends on the alkyl halide and not on the nucleophilic solvent. The ionization is as follows: t-butyl chloride -> (CH3)3C+ + Cl-. Thus, the rate of reaction (rate of disappearance of concentration of t-butyl chloride) corresponds to the concentration of t-butyl chloride. The second step involves the nucleophile and is fast and as follows: (CH3)3C+ + Cl- + H2O -> (CH3)3COH + HCl. These reactions, at specific known temperature, will help the experimenter obtain the exact time it takes for the reaction to occur which in turn will help calculate the rate constant, k. Using the Arrhenius equation, the rate constant k will help calculate the activation energy.2 This experiment demonstrates the correlation between variation in concentration (both t-butyl and hydroxide), temperature, solvent polarity, and substrate structure with the rate of reaction of the hydrolysis of t-butyl chloride as well as exhibits the kinetic order of the reaction. The reactions are taken to increasing levels of completion (10%, 20%, and 30% completion) to make sure that the rate constant K is steady at the same temperature and reactant concentration. The activation energy the reaction requires in order to proceed is also examined in this experiment. Experimental: For experiment run #2 of III. Study of Solvent Polarity, in order to make a 60:40 (Water:Acetone) sample, 4mL of t-butyl chloride was mixed with 0.4 mL of 0.1 M NaOH and 5.6mL H2O. The reason was because 5.6 mL of water + 0.4 mL of NaOH= 6 mL and 6 mL/ 10mL total volume of solution = 60% water; 4 mL of t-Butyl chloride = 4 mL and 4 mL/ 10 mL total volume of solution= 40% acetone. The experimental procedure carried out for this lab followed the steps listed in the lab manual. Refer to Organic Chemistry Lab Manual Fall 2010 Winter 2011 pages 21-22. Results: Note: All the solutions turned a bit lime-green before turning yellow. The time measured for reaction to occur corresponds to the time it took the solution to turn yellow in colour. Study of Reaction Order Variation of Hydroxide Concentration RUN % Completion Time (seconds) k (s-1) 1 10 49 2.15 x 10-3 2 20 94 2.37 x 10-3 3 30 151 2.36 x 10-3 Note: Refer to Appendix for calculation of rate constant k Variation of t-Butyl Chloride Concentration RUN [t-Butyl Chloride] in stock solution [t-Butyl Chloride] in reaction solution Time (s) K (s-1) Rate of Reaction (M/s) Reaction order of t-butyl chloride 1 0.2 M 0.06 M 27 1.90 x 10-3 1.11 x 10-4 1storder PART A, RUN 1 0.1 M 0.03 M 49 2.15 x 10 -3 6.12 x 10-5 1storder 2 0.1 M 0.015 M 64 1.65 x 10-3 2.34 x 10-5 1storder Note: Refer to appendix for calculation of [t-butyl chloride] in reaction solution, rate constant k, rate of reaction, and reaction order of t-butyl chloride. Study of Temperature Variation (Room Temperature: 19.5ÂÂ °C) RUN Temperature Time (seconds) 1a Room temp. 10o =(9.5oC) 121 1b Room temp. 10o =(9.5oC) 123 Part A, Run 1 Room temp. = (19.5oC) 49 2a Room temp. + 10o= (29.5oC) 20 2b Room temp. + 10o=(29.5oC) 20 Study of Solvent Polarity RUN Water: Acetone TIME (seconds) 1 80: 20 22 Part A, Run 1 70: 30 49 2 60: 40 134 Study of Structural Variations in the Substrate RUN Substrate Time (seconds) 1 Isopropyl Chloride No reaction (Waited for 7 minutes and nothing happened. The reaction mixture was even heated on a steam bath) Calculating Activation Energy (Ea): Note: The data of the Runs are from the Study of Temperature Variations. Run k (s-1) Average k (s-1) -log k T (ÂÂ °C) 1/T (ÂÂ °C-1) 1a 8.71 x 10-4 8.64 x 10-4 3.06 9.5 0.1053 1b 8.57 x 10-4 Part A, Run 1 2.15 x 10-3 2.15 x 10-3 2.67 19.5 0.0513 2a 5.27 x 10-3 5.27 x 10-3 2.28 29.5 0.0339 2b 5.27 x 10-3 Note: -log k column was plotted on the y-axis and 1/T was plotted on the x-axis of Figure 1 Figure 1: This figure represents the graph of 1/Temperature against -log K, which is used to determine the activation energy of the reaction. A line of best fit is shown to show the equation of the line, which is y=10.049x + 2.0321. The error of the graph is represented by R2. The slope of 10.049 is equal to Ea/2.3R. Hence, the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction is equal to 45.76cal/mole with an error of ÂÂ ± 4.19cal/mole. Reaction Mechanism: Discussion: The first part of the experiment composed of study of reaction order. During part A of this experiment, when the hydroxide concentration was varied (which corresponded to a different amount of completion of reaction), it was observed that the k values were all very close (around 2.3610-3 s-1). Since the rate constant, k, is an integral part of the rate of reaction, the similar k values indicate that the NaOH concentration in the solution has no effect on the rate of reaction. This is because the nucelophile is not involved in the first step (rate determining) and only reacts to the substrate which occurs during the second (fast) step.3 This shows that the reaction is zero order when looking at the concentration of the nucleophile. It makes sense since the rate determining steps are the slow steps and in this reaction, the first ionization step is the slow step, thus making it the rate determining one. Meanwhile, the second step is fast and so it is not the rate determining one. Hence , since the nucleophile is only present in the second step (NaOH is neutraulized by the HCl formed in the fast second step)2, it is not linked to the rate of the reaction (NaOH concentration does not relate to the rate of reaction). During part B of this experiment, t-butyl chloride concentration was varied. It was seen that the reaction time kept drastically lowering when as the concentration of the t-butyl chloride in the reaction solution increased. Refering to Table 1, the fastest reaction (in lowest amount of time of 27 seconds) occurred when the concentration of t-butyl chloride was relatively highest (0.06 M), followed by a slower reaction (49 seconds) when concentration of butyl in reaction solution was lower (0.03 M), and lastly followed by the slowest reaction (64 seconds) when the concentration was the lowest (0.015 M). Hence, this clearly proves that the substrate had a major effect on the rate of the SN1 reaction. Referring to Table I (b), it was calculated that the rate order of t-butyl chloride was the one. This in turn also proves that the overall reaction is first order as the rate of the reaction is only affected by concentration of one molecule, that being the substrate, which in this case was t-butyl chloride. Experiment two showed the effect of temperature variation on the reaction. The room temperature of the lab was at 19.5ÂÂ °C. At the lowest experimented temperature, 9.5ÂÂ °C, the k value of the reaction was 8.64 x 10-4 s-1 (referring to Table V). When the experiment was performed at the room temperature of 19.5ÂÂ °C, the k value increased to 2.15 x 10-3 s-1. While at the highest experimenting temperature, 29.5ÂÂ °C, the k value of the reaction was seen to be the highest at 5.27 x 10-3 s-1. From this it can be concluded that as the temperature increased, the k value of the reaction increased as well. Referring to Table 2, it can also be noted that, as the temperature increased, the time of reaction decreased significantly. These effects are due to the fact that increase in temperature causes greater amount of reactant molecules to gain enough kinetic energy to overcome the activation energy required of the reaction (enough energy to go through the first rate-determ ining step).4 As a result, an increase in temperature corresponds to an increase in the number of successful collisions among the reactant molecules. Thus, the reaction would occur faster and so the time for the reaction to occur would decrease. Referring to Figure 1 (Arrhenius plot), the activation energy of the reaction was calculated to be 45.76cal/mole with an error of ÂÂ ± 4.19cal/mole. The third experiment showed the effect of solvent polarity on the reaction. It was observed that, as the ratio of water to acetone decreased, the time of the reaction increased, and so, the rate of the reaction decreased. This is probably due to the fact that water have higher polarity than acetone as water acetone has a longer hydrocarbon chain than water. Since the reactant in this experiment, t-butyl chloride, is a slightly polar molecule, its polar nature during the transition state of the reaction increases tremendously. As a result, water (with comparatively much higher polarity), will allow increased salvation of the carbocation and chlorine anion that formed during the first rate-determining ionization step, by lowering the energy of the transition state. This is because water, a protic solvent, forms hydrogen bonds with both of the aforementioned ions in order to increase the solvolysis. While acetone is an aprotic solvent and not able to form the hydrogen bonds. Hence, high er ratio of water to acetone of a solvent is expected to result to a higher rate of hydrolysis reaction due to a better ability to solvate charged intermediate, which is exactly what was observed in experiment.5 The last experiment showed the effects of structural variation in the substrate on the reaction. In this experiment, t-butyl chloride was replaced with isopropyl chloride. As a result, no reaction took place after 5 minutes of waiting and even after heating it for 7 minutes. This is due to the fact that isopropyl chloride is a secondary halide while t-butyl is a tertiary halide. The t-butyl chloride was able to react because it was able to create a stable carbocation as it had a tertiary carbon which allows hyper conjugation and induction to occur. While on the other hand, isopropyl results into a far less stable carbocation as it does not allow for enough hyper conjugation and induction as it does not have any C-C sigma bonds that t-butyl chloride has. The t-butyl chloride would form more substituted carbocations than isopropyl. As a result, it is favourable to form a carbocation with t-butyl chloride than with isopropyl chloride as tertiary halides undergo SN1 reactions more effici ently. The results of the experiment seem to agree with the expected results. Though, there can always be sources for errors while performing all of the experiments. First of all, to create the different type of mixtures, measurements of contents had to be made through the use of instruments such pipette and graduated cylinder. Since these instruments required the experimenter to estimate each measurement with the naked eye and so this could have lead to improper solution mixtures. Another error that possibly occurred could have been with the use of a stop watch. It was not possible to start the stop watch at the exact instant that the two solutions were mixed and stop at the exact instant the solution reached equilibrium. That could have lead to error in measuring time of reaction. Furthermore, the neutralization of NaOH was measured by timing the reaction until it turned into a yellow colour. Though, since the reaction solution progressively turned from a blue colour to a yellow colour, i t was not possible to exactly judge the end of neutralization. Also, during the study of temperature variation, it was not possible to keep the temperature to be precisely at the same temperature for the entirety of one run of experiment as the temperature showed slight variations every minute. Lastly, due to limited amount of Erlenmeyer flasks available for the experiment, flasks had to be reused. Even though all the flasks were thoroughly washed with wash solvent and rinsed. Hence, this could have possibly caused contaminations which lead to errors in results. Overall, due to various reasons, there could have been errors in timing which would lead to improper calculation of rate constants and activation energy of the reaction. Questions: I)Let ln (x) = y x = ey log (x) = y*log(e) log (x) = ln(x)*log(e) ln (x) = log(x)/log(e) ln (x) = 2.303 log (x) [since log(e) = 0.4343] II) ln [RCl]0/[RCl] = kt Let x = [RCl]0/[RCl] ln (x) = kt ln (x) = 2.303 log (x) kt = 2.303 log (x) kt = 2.303 log ( [RCl]0/[RCl] ) kt = 2.303 log ( 1/ [RCl] ) let [RCl]0 = 1 (because initial concentration is 100%) kt = 2.303 log ( 1/ 1 difference in [RCl] ) because [RCl]0 [RCl] = difference in [RCl] 1 [RCl] = difference in [RCl] 1 difference in [RCl] = [RCl] kt = 2.303 log ( 1/ 1 %reaction/100 ) because %reaction/100 equals the difference in [RCl] An apolar solvent would hinder SN2 reaction as it would not be able to solvate the reactant due to the fact that it would repel the anionic nucleophile. And since nucleophilic reactions require the solvation of reactants, SN2 reaction would not take place. Polar protic solvents are usually acceptable for SN2 reaction as they are convenient solvents for nucleophilic substitutions because the reagents are soluble. The high polarity would dissolve the solute. Small anions are solvated more than large anions. Though, these solvents would result into slower reaction due to hydrogen bonding which causes loss of nucleophilicity. Polar aprotic solvents prefer SN2 reactions as SN2 reactions prefer the basic nucleophilic. The aprotic solvents enhance the nucleophilicity of anions and have strong dipole moments. Also since these solvents do not have OH or NH groups, no hydrogen bonds must be broken to make room for nucleophile to attract to electrophilic carbon atom. This is the most preferred solvent for SN2 reactions.6 Alkyl iodide contains iodine atom, while alkyl chloride contains chlorine atom. Iodine has lower electro-negativity (2.5) than that of chlorine (3.0). Hence, alkyl iodide would be a less polar compound. Since water is a highly polar solvent, it will not be able to solvate alkyl iodide as much as alkyl chloride due to higher attraction to the more electro-negative atom of chlorine than that of iodine. As a result, it will not be able to increase the salvation of the transition state as much as that of alkyl chloride which has higher polarity.2 Hence, the activation energy of the alkyl iodide would not be lowered as much as that of alkyl chloride and so its Ea would be higher than 31 kJ/mol. Structure of bromophenol blue indicator at alkaline pH.7

Free Much Ado About Nothing Essays: Schemes and Tricks :: Much Ado About Nothing Essays

The plot of Much Ado About Nothing is an elaborate network of schemes and tricks. This statement is confirmed throughout Much Ado About Nothing. The play contains many examples of tricks and schemes that are used to manipulate the thoughts and feelings of characters. The major examples of such manipulation include- Don Pedro, Claudio and Leonato tricking Benedick into believing that Beatrice loves him, Hero and Ursula trick Beatrice into thinking Benedick is in love with her. The relationship between Claudio and Hero also endures much manipulation. For instance Don John and Borachio trick Claudio and the Prince into believing Hero is unfaithful. As in the tradition of Shakespeare, the Friar deceives everybody into thinking Hero is dead. An instance of trickery involves Benedick being manipulated to believe Beatrice is in love with him. This trickery is carried out playfully by Don Pedro, Leonato and Claudio. They realise Benedick's stubbornness in Act II Scene iii, when he states "ma n is a fool when he dedicates his behaviours to love." Due to this stubbornness Don Pedro, Leonato and Claudio must devise a way of attaining the love amid Benedick and Beatrice. In Act II Scene iii the men accomplish this by way of waiting for Benedick to be within ears reach, then raising the topic of Leonato's niece Beatrice. Don Pedro’s reference about "your niece Beatrice was in love with Signor Benedick." helps to accomplish such manipulation. This scheme is completed when this is overheard by Benedick, and due to his insecurity about love he falls for their trick, thus loving Beatrice. Another example of manipulation that is closely related to the one involving Benedick but Beatrice becomes the focus of the scheme. Like Benedick, Beatrice's feelings about love are strong and opposing. When she states "Not till God make men of some other mettle than earth" she assumes that her desired partner does not exist. Hero and Ursula believe that Benedick would make a good husban d for Beatrice and as a result of this, they plan a scheme to bring about love between Beatrice and Benedick. Hero and Ursula accomplish their scheme in Act III Scene i. Their scheme is concluded by means of discussing that they have heard that Benedick loves Beatrice greatly. Beatrice overhears this and thinks the combination of her and Benedick’s wit and intelligence would make a successful match. Beatrice displays her free will when making this decision.

Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in

Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionally, Native American Literature has been an oral genre. Although Native American Literature was the first American literature created, it has been the last to be recognized -and, to some extent, is still waiting for full recognition (www.usc.edu). With the Indian being forced to assimilate, their literature was forced to take on a written form. Although the traditional way of storytelling has changed, Native American Literature has survived. In it's written form, it is being shared with a larger population. Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt 1932) and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven (Alexie 1993) are two Native American works of literature that have gained recognition. Although they are similar in that they tell the Native American experience, they are also different in that they tell the experience from different times in history.    Both books tell the story of the Native American's day-to-day struggles. Black Elk Speaks tells of the Indians struggles during the middle '80s of the 19th century. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven tells the modern day struggles of the Indian. Although the books are written at different times in history, they still tell of the prejudice, disease, poverty and day-to-day struggle the Native American faces in the attempt to live in two worlds. In Black Elk Speaks the Indians were fighting to survive and keep their land. The white man (Wasichus) took away the Indian's land, brought in diseases, and killed their men, women and children. Although the Indians during this period in history suffered a great loss, they did manage to survive.    Sherman Alexie tells of the Indian... ...ght in Heaven. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Kirkus Reviews. "Amazon.com: Editorial Reviews: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven." 1 July 1993. < obidos exec www.amazon.com> Ts/book-reviews>. "Native American Literature." 10 October 2000. < isd www.usc.edu> archives/ethnicstudies/Indian_lit.html>. Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Ogalala Sioux. New York: William Morrow, 1932. Walker, Jr., Theodore. "Vine Deloria, Jr. on the authenticity of Black Elk Speaks." 24 March 1997 <http://www.smu.edu/~twalker/blkelk0.htm>. 10/23/00. Whitson, Kathy J. Native American Literatures: An Encyclopedia of Works, Characters, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 1999. Young Adults Books. Rev. of The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. 11 March 1996. .       Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fist Fight in Comparing Black Elk Speaks and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditionally, Native American Literature has been an oral genre. Although Native American Literature was the first American literature created, it has been the last to be recognized -and, to some extent, is still waiting for full recognition (www.usc.edu). With the Indian being forced to assimilate, their literature was forced to take on a written form. Although the traditional way of storytelling has changed, Native American Literature has survived. In it's written form, it is being shared with a larger population. Black Elk Speaks (Neihardt 1932) and The Lone Ranger and Tonto FistFight in Heaven (Alexie 1993) are two Native American works of literature that have gained recognition. Although they are similar in that they tell the Native American experience, they are also different in that they tell the experience from different times in history.    Both books tell the story of the Native American's day-to-day struggles. Black Elk Speaks tells of the Indians struggles during the middle '80s of the 19th century. The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven tells the modern day struggles of the Indian. Although the books are written at different times in history, they still tell of the prejudice, disease, poverty and day-to-day struggle the Native American faces in the attempt to live in two worlds. In Black Elk Speaks the Indians were fighting to survive and keep their land. The white man (Wasichus) took away the Indian's land, brought in diseases, and killed their men, women and children. Although the Indians during this period in history suffered a great loss, they did manage to survive.    Sherman Alexie tells of the Indian... ...ght in Heaven. New York: HarperCollins, 1993. Kirkus Reviews. "Amazon.com: Editorial Reviews: The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven." 1 July 1993. < obidos exec www.amazon.com> Ts/book-reviews>. "Native American Literature." 10 October 2000. < isd www.usc.edu> archives/ethnicstudies/Indian_lit.html>. Neihardt, John G. Black Elk Speaks: Being the Life Story of a Holy Man of the Ogalala Sioux. New York: William Morrow, 1932. Walker, Jr., Theodore. "Vine Deloria, Jr. on the authenticity of Black Elk Speaks." 24 March 1997 <http://www.smu.edu/~twalker/blkelk0.htm>. 10/23/00. Whitson, Kathy J. Native American Literatures: An Encyclopedia of Works, Characters, Authors, and Themes. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, Inc, 1999. Young Adults Books. Rev. of The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven. 11 March 1996. .      

For the Period Before 1750, Analyze the Ways in Which Britain’s Policy of Salutary Neglect Influenced the Devlopment of American Society Essay

For the Period Before 1750, Analyze the Ways in Which Britain’s Policy of Salutary Neglect Influenced the Devlopment of American Society as Illustrated in the Following: Legislative Assemblies, Commerce, Religion As soon as the Americas were discovered, tens of thousands of people wanted to migrate across the sea. The fastest the voyage could be made was approximately one or two months. Communication between the colonies and England was extremely difficult. The regulation of religion was basically impossible. Without the government to intervene, colonists were free to grow whatever they wished and do what they wished with their money. Also, it is exceedingly difficult to govern a colony from thousands of miles away, so the colonies needed to develop their own system of governing. Britain at this pointed adopted a policy of salutary neglect. Salutary neglect allowed the North American society to develop and change into something completely different from what it originally was in England. The land in the new world was found to be very good for farming. All of this new farmland was found to be viable and a great source for crops that were not able to be grown in England, such as tobacco and sugar cane. North American farmers were supposed to plant one acre of corn for every acre of tobacco they planted, but since it was such a cash crop and England was so far away, there was no way to enforce the rule. So much tobacco was made in fact, that the value of it dropped to the point where it was no longer profitable to grow. Farmers at this time did not fully understand supply and demand at this point so they just kept growing it. In the West Indies they would grow sugar cane. This was a valuable crop that sold for high prices in England. Religion in the colonies was freer and more persecution free than ever. While religious persecution still existed, it was much milder and there were many places one could go to escape persecution. The Church of England had no effective form of power in the colonies, so they could not enforce the church upon the colonists in the area. Meanwhile, areas such as Rhode Island had extremely tolerant policies of religion and even allowed those who did not believe in the divinity of Jesus to live there without fear. Even atheists and Jews could escape persecution. With the monarchy so far overseas, the colonies did have to develop their own self-governance. This was prominently seen in the Virginia colony with the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses was the first example of self-governing in the colonies. It served as a template for which a colonial government should be created. The House of Burgesses was made up of the Royal Governor and his appointed council of leading plantation owners. The HOB was able to legislate and create laws for the Virginia colony and was a viable replacement for the English government well into the seventeenth century. Another example of government in the colonies can be seen aboard the Mayflower. The Mayflower landed very far from their intended destination so they had no form of regulation or anything to guide themselves by. They decided upon and wrote the Mayflower Compact. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement between the 102 settlers on the Mayflower to form a crude government such that they could func tion properly until a proper government could be established. Salutary Neglect means the beneficial ignorance of something. When England practiced salutary neglect towards the colonies, it allowed American society to flourish and it provided an easy ruling for the English while still technically controlling the colonies.

Positive Negative Impacts Of Globalai Essay

What is meant by western culture: Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, is a term used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific artifacts and technologies. The term has come to apply to countries whose history is strongly marked by European immigration or settlement, such as the Americas, and Australasia, and is not restricted to Western Europe. Western culture stems from two sources: the Classical Period of the Greco-Roman era and the influence of Christianity. The artistic, philosophic, literary, and legal themes and traditions; the heritages of especially Latin, Celtic, Germanic, and Hellenic ethnic or linguistic groups; as well as a tradition of rationalism in various spheres of life, developed by Hellenistic philosophy, Scholasticism, Humanisms, the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment; and including, in political thought, widespread rational arguments in favour of free thought, human rights, equality and democracy. The facts of bengali people which are affected by westernalization- 1.Cultural forms 2. Festivals and celebrations 3.Acculturation theory 4.Impact on language 5.Impact on education 6.Impact on food habit 7.Impact on dress pattern 8.Impact on family 9. Impact on social customs and values 10. Impact on rcommunication and technology 12.Impact on film and literatureeligion 11.Impact on 13. Impact on profession related issues Positive impacts of westernization Due to globalization, westernization is spreading out all over the world. Westernization has been placed in different countries because of globalization and needless to say, it has had an impact on the lifestyle of  Bangladeshi peopl. It has out-rooted the traditional Bengali culture and the rate at which westernization is happening to Bangladesh is surprising. Regional languages are on the process of redefined. In many ways instating of regional language people have been used to English especially in urban areas youngsters. It had started get fixing with western clothing, western languages, western mannerisms and everything else westernized.Bangladeshi culture is influenced by three great religions- Hinduism, Buddhism band Islam in successive order, with Islam having the most pervading and lasting impact. Like a colorful montage, the cultural tradition of the country is a happy blending of many variants, unique in diversity but in essence greatly symmetrical. Beside, the festival of PohelaBaishakh, people is now celebrating like other western cultural festivals especially in young group such as-  · Valentine’s Day,  · Friendship Day,  · Mother’s day,  · Father’s day.  · And other international celebrations. Now a day people are concern about how we think about globally, what the other country are doing in their cultural issue, just we observe and absorbing them. There is lot of issues that we automatically know about it; even he/she has a little knowledge about westernization. But, people are moving with it in all the way. Now a day’s every country in this world is treated as village, you can imagine whatever you can. That’s the way people are communicate easily to each other make things differences. Globalization has only one overarching feature–integration. It is all about collectiveness and ever increasing interconnectedness. It in effect influences everything, whether it is a company or a country. But here is a fact, is globalization all the way keeps help to connect to each other or build a strong communication in â€Å"borderless world†? If it is a question, then how it impacts in our society as well as in our culture? The Cable television has made different attraction in around  the world as well as in Bangladeshi household. Foreign movies have come and have reflected their culture in it. This has made a huge impact on the minds of the Bangladeshi people. Not to mention the easy availability of Internet whose reach even extends till rural areas? The internet has opened up opportunities for people to learn more about foreign cultures and places. It has made Bangladeshi more acceptable and open-minded towards change. Globalization has broken all borders. As a result, the new generation of Bangladeshi is more knowledgeable, more aware and more interested in the world around them. In our society, women who were once the exploited and ignored part of the population, now assert their rights of being a woman. Women now have more access to education and know more about their rights and their identity as a woman. Nowadays, you find women in the society who work alongside men. Men-dominated fields see the coming up of the woman. Men and women are slowly being treated equally. Negative impacts of westernization At the side of the positive, Bangladeshi people are involving day by day with negative activities which is destroying our own culture because of following western culture. However no matter have occurred by this way, what people are doing in our society.western dress is another factor that creates an imbalance in our society especially for woman group (whenever girls wear a shirt, t-shirt, and pant in our society, due to feel or sensation of comfortable) which does not permit within our culture as majority of Muslim nationality. For wearing that kind of dresses men are mostly thinking in negative sense. Children are involving some bad works which derived from western culture particularly from cable connection at their home. In some cases, young generation forget to respect their elder one., boys and girls are very much interested on going to DJ party at different night club. And, sometimes they want to live together before marriage which is extremely prohibited by our culture. Boys are using Tattoos on their body also. Bangladeshi people are now a day’s changing their behavior and habit in food. Easily converted to western ideas some cases it makes a question mark in our ethical perspective also. We referred those western materials by like fast food which is harmful for our health. Mostly, the young generation is very much interested on English movies, western music, dresses, foods and other things rather than Bengali culture. Now, young generation and even  also middle age people are not that much conscious about Bengali culture because of the globalization. In this way, Bengali culture is now no more originated by own culture, even it is losing her own value. Culture is the set of patterns of human activity within a society or social group and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Customs, traditions, laws, social standards and popular styles mainly constitute the cultural elements. There are many cultures currently existent in today’s modern world. Some cultures originated about a hundred of years back and are still surviving, whereas a few have evolved by absorbing the exciting and major elements of these already existent cultures. In this article, i am mainly going to focus on the two most talked about cultures of the world, the western culture and the Indian culture. The strength that this topic has been holding and the endless number of debates held over it has attracted me to express my opinion on it too. Undoubtedly, western culture and Indian culture are poles apart. There is a significant difference between the two in all aspect. Amongst all others the most noticeable difference between the two is that India has been a family oriented society, whereas America has been an individual oriented society. Openness and self dependency are a few words that define western culture, but Indian culture is the complete opposite of this. Globalisation and mass media has laid the basis of the merger of western culture with Indian culture and this collision can better be termed as westernisation. The damage that Indian culture has experienced can be broken down into three parts which are, pursuit of wealth, complex of the west and the most essential of all the power of western media. Cinema is the most powerful media, hence it is not only an entertainment industry, but is also seen as a role model. According to me, majority of the western ideas such as cohabitation, etc, have travelled through this medium. In other words, Hollywood has definitely influenced Bollywood and is responsible to a large extent for this clashing of culture. Respect for human rights, democracy, free speech and women’s rights are concepts which have had a wide ranging influence on Bangladesh. Even if they  have not as yet completely permeated to the level of the masses. The media is an effective way of influencing people. But unfortunately, in Bangladesh, always the negative side of all good things seems to influence people the most Bangladesh Television, which actually aired really good US TV serials, the Bangladeshi people soon began to become addicted to the Indian culture. They ate, drank, walked, talked, shopped, and slept like Indian people. They still do. As days passed, the number of Indian channels began to increase. Now there are more channels than there were channels on a TV set back in the 90s. The strongest influence of this culture is on children and women. There was a time when teenage boys never watched a single Hindi movie. Nowadays, from child to men all watch Hindi programmes including movies.This success is not for the Bangladeshi culture, but for Indian culture. Indian culture is eating up the creativity and productivity of many talented Bangladeshi individuals.

Comparison/Contrast Essay Eng101

Name Professor ENG 101 November , 2012 British PSA is the best choice Although both the â€Å"British PSA† and the â€Å"AT&T PSA† use the fear of injury and death to discourage texting while driving, the British PSA is more effective than the AT&T PSA because it focuses on the details of the injury and death during the accident. Both the British PSA and the AT&T PSA show the â€Å"life changing† and â€Å"life ending† consequences that can occur when a person chooses to text while driving.The British PSA shows a deadly multi-car crash that occurs because the texting driver crosses the centerline and hits another car head-on only due to the fact that she and her teenage passengers were distracted by a text message on her cell phone. Likewise, the AT&T PSA shows several different people whose lives have been destroyed by tragic car accidents (involving injury or death) caused by texting while driving.Both videos show the devastating effects that texting whi le driving can have on the texting driver and other innocent people, but the â€Å"British PSA† is the more effective video. The AT&T PSA shows three separate storylines of people who have been affected by injury and/or death because of texting while driving. The 1st storyline is about a teenage girl who died a year earlier when she was texting while driving. The story has a policeman describing the accident scene and the victim’s family and friends describing their loss.The 2nd storyline is about a teenage boy who killed a man on a bicycle when he was texting while driving. The 3rd storyline shows a mentally and physically disabled young man who became disabled from a car accident in which he was texting while driving. These 3 storylines bring out strong feelings in the audience of compassion for the loved ones, sadness for the injured, and concern that something like this could happen to you or your loved ones.However, this video does not show any details of the actu al accident, therefore making it difficult for the viewer to imagine this all came from just a simple text message. In contrast, The â€Å"British PSA† clip uses a dramatic approach by showing the details of a full-fledge highway multi-car accident. The clip shows the terrifying effects of a deadly head-on collision in slow motion. Immediately after the head-on collision, the car with the 3 teenage girls gets broad-sided (T-boned) by a third car travelling at a high rate of speed.It provides a bloody and graphic example of the devastating effects that texting while driving can bring and strives to promote staying off cell phones while operating a vehicle by depicting an event that the audience would never want to live through. Instead of just showing the aftermath or the long term effects of the accident, The â€Å"British PSA† uses an approach to shock the audience and literally scare them from ever wanting to text while driving by showing the injury and death of seve ral people involved.The â€Å"British PSA† is more effective than the â€Å"AT&T PSA† because it allows the audience to witness the horrible details of a car accident instead of just hearing about the aftermath several months later. Works Cited AT&T Don’t Text While Driving Documentary. (2010). Retrieved November 22, 2012 from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=DebhWD6ljZs. PSA Texting While Driving U. K. Ad. (2009). Retrieved November 22, 2012 from http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=R0LCmStIw9E.

Marketing in the Wine Industry Essay

There’s more in a glass of wine than meets the eye, or the palate. Wine isn’t just for the rich and affluent anymore. Everyone can enjoy wine, whether it’s a five dollar bottle or a five hundred dollar bottle. Winemakers and wine distribution companies have come up with new and exciting way to market their wines to people of every tax bracket and all walks of life. (Manda) Marketing in the wine industry is changing. Traditionally, consumers looked to opinion leaders like Robert Parker and the Wine Spectator to find the best wines on the market. While those methods are still effective, winemakers and wine enthusiasts have discovered a new way to spread the word about particular wines. Social media has become the new, hot trend in marketing in just about every industry out there right now. And the wine industry is no exception. Corkd. com is a website for wine drinkers and enthusiasts where users can create their own wine journal, wine cellar, shopping list, and connect with online drinking buddies. This website is one way the wine industry as stepped up to the plate and utilized the opportunities of the internet in marketing. â€Å"Cork’d is your pulse on the wine world and an online playground for all things wine. By collaborating with some of the smartest wine drinkers and industry figures, Cork’d is providing you with the most comprehensive, fun and exciting wine content available. Whether you’re a winery looking for exposure or an events company looking to promote or host a tasting, Cork’d wants to talk to you. Our mission is to breakdown the stereotypes, myths and pretenses surrounding wine culture to help you discover and drink better wines. † (corkd. com) Another factor changing the wine industries marketing strategies is where consumers are buying wine. Chain stores and supermarkets have taken over wine distribution from wholesalers. Costco has become one of the largest wine retailers in the United States. According to Michael Roberto, â€Å"There’s no question that a seismic shift is occurring at the retail and wholesale level. The number of alcoholic beverage wholesalers in the U. S. has decreased by 75 percent since the 1960s. At the retail level, wine sales are increasingly shifting to supermarkets, wholesale clubs, and the like. For instance, Robert Mondavi now sells 10 percent of its wine in unit terms through Costco. These changes in the retail and distribution channels present substantial challenges for wineries, of course, because these powerful players such as Costco have much more clout and bargaining power than small liquor stores. Smaller vineyards often can find it more difficult to secure shelf space, and all wineries find themselves facing pricing pressure from the retail and distribution channels. † Even though many wineries do not like the changes and small retail shops are suffering because of this shift, many consumers are actually profiting from these changes. Winemakers have found another fun way to market their wines simply with their labels. The new â€Å"trend† in the wine business is a funky label. Traditionally, wine labels were simple and to the point. The label had the name of the vineyard, the year, and basic information about the wine in a simple fashion. Recently, winemakers have started to get creative with the names of their wines and the design of their bottles and labels. Now, when you walk down an aisle in a store filled with different wines there are many different bottles that stick out because of loud colors, wild pictures, or crazy names on the label. This is a great form of marketing to use for wine because the bottle itself is a great marketing tool. Many consumers will buy a bottle of wine just because they like how the bottle looks or maybe they are giving it as a gift and the title is something catchy that conveys some type of message that relates to the person who is receiving the wine. For example, there is a wine called â€Å"Bitch† wine. The wine itself is not bad, but its nothing to rave about. One of the main reasons that particular wine is so popular is because of the name. The label is black with pink script font with â€Å"Bitch† printed on the front, and on the back it just repeats the name of the wine over and over again. This wine is marketed to women and is a perfect gift to give a friend as a joke they can enjoy. Women have become a hot target market for wine makers. According to the 2006 Adams Wine Handbook, â€Å"Men prefer beer; women prefer wine,† Many women are emerging as winemakers and marketers are realizing the potential for profit in female consumers. â€Å"Women make up 52 percent of the adult population and purchase 57 percent of the wine consumed in the United States. 1 They represent a huge market with great purchasing power that until recently has been overlooked. According to experts, women are less influenced by wine ratings, as they tend to judge the entire product. Although the wine quality is important to women, so are the label design, the bottle shape and the philosophy of the winery. † (Wine Institute) While there are many new ways to market wine, the traditional methods are still widely used. Promotion in the wine industry is all about putting the name of the winery on everything from wine keys to wine bags to key chains to hats. Wine distribution companies have always been know to give out free merchandise with the name of the wines they sell everywhere. This is a great way to advertise. Consumers love to receive free things and that opens up a great opportunity for wineries to advertise with little cost. California former governor Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed September as â€Å"Wine Celebration Month†, also known as California Wine Month. This is another great way for wineries to get their name and wines out in the public. DiscoverCalifornaiWine. com states, â€Å"September is California Wine Month, and that makes it a fine time to enjoy a glass of California wine and a visit to wine country. September is harvest time in California and California Wine Month celebrates the state’s ideal climate for wine, beautiful wine country landscape, our talented and ingenious winemaking families, our celebrated lifestyle and cuisine; and our commitment to sustainability and the environment. † Another trend in the world of wine is sustainability and organics. Many vineyards around have become 100 percent sustainable and the numbers are growing. The new world culture is all about reducing our carbon and ecological footprint. So many wineries have actually capitalized on this idea. Wineries have begun to include their efforts at social responsibility in their advertising. Which caters to a growing market of consumers, as many people nowadays will only buy organic. Tolosa is a winery that has recently dedicated itself to sustainability and creating wine without harming the environment. One if their brochures stated that, â€Å"In August 2009 Tolosa converted to solar electrical generation. This system will provide the winery’s electrical energy for the next 25 years. CO2 emissions reduced by over 500 tons. This is equivalent to planting nearly 100 acres of trees. † Tolosa is one of the many wineries’ that has begun to capitalize on sustainability. The times have changed and so have marketing strategies of the wine industry. The wine industry is booming more than ever. Success in the wine industry is possible whether a company uses new or old marketing techniques. In this new age, the marketing department should focus on women and social media. As Tinckenell and Tincknell, a wine consulting and marketing firm, have written on the front page of their website MarketingWine. com, â€Å"If it doesn’t come from the heart, the message will be hollow. If you don’t imagine it first, someone else will. If it isn’t inspired and creative, it won’t get noticed. Each link in the marketing process — the heart, the mind, and creativity — communicates your story to the world. † Works Cited About Cork’d  « Cork’d Content. † Cork’d Content. Web. 20 June 2011. . â€Å"Discover California Wines : California Wine Month. † Discover California Wines : Welcome to Discover California Wines. Web. 20 June 2011. . The Changing Structure of the Global Wine Industry (2004). Michael Roberto. Salls, Manda. â€Å"Marketing Wine to the World — HBS Working Knowledge. † HBS Working Knowledge – Faculty Research at Harvard Business School. Web. 20 June 2011. .

Causes And Effects Of The Amer

Introduction about the cause and influence of the American Civil War - The American Civil War began when Peter Bohlegard fired 50 guns at Sumter Fort on April 12, 1861. This marks the beginning of one of the longest and most frequent wars in American history. This is also the only war completely done in the American soil. The whole war lasted four years, killed more than 620,000 Americans and killed them further. Reason - Many people consider the cause of this war to be the abolition of slavery, which is one of the main catalysts of the beginning of the war, but this is not the main reason for the beginning of the war. Causal Thesis is an article explaining the cause (cause) of the event or situation and the result (influence) of the occurrence. Writing causal papers requires a lot of effort, the main idea of ​​writing such articles is to investigate the cause and effect of the phenomenon. However, regarding the structure, the outline of the causal dissertation is simpl e: introduction, body passage and conclusion. If you are assigned to write a causal dissertation, there are many causal themes listed here. Causal relations Thesis examines the cause (or cause) of something and discusses the result (or result). Therefore causal papers are sometimes called rational thesis and result papers. They are one of the most common form of organization in academic papers. Although the entire article may be causally related, it may be a part of the entire article in some cases. Particularly in short test papers, it is possible to discuss only causes and results, not two. Please see the example below A causal dissertation is another type of paper that is common as part of a larger paper, including paper type or one or more paragraphs for examining cause and effect. This page provides information on what causality is, how to organize such articles, and how to use articles like causal structure words (transition signals). There is also a causal thesis on the theme of women's work, and there are exercises useful for practice in this field. Causes And Effects Of The Amer Introduction about the cause and influence of the American Civil War - The American Civil War began when Peter Bohlegard fired 50 guns at Sumter Fort on April 12, 1861. This marks the beginning of one of the longest and most frequent wars in American history. This is also the only war completely done in the American soil. The whole war lasted four years, killed more than 620,000 Americans and killed them further. Reason - Many people consider the cause of this war to be the abolition of slavery, which is one of the main catalysts of the beginning of the war, but this is not the main reason for the beginning of the war. Causal Thesis is an article explaining the cause (cause) of the event or situation and the result (influence) of the occurrence. Writing causal papers requires a lot of effort, the main idea of ​​writing such articles is to investigate the cause and effect of the phenomenon. However, regarding the structure, the outline of the causal dissertation is simpl e: introduction, body passage and conclusion. If you are assigned to write a causal dissertation, there are many causal themes listed here. Causal relations Thesis examines the cause (or cause) of something and discusses the result (or result). Therefore causal papers are sometimes called rational thesis and result papers. They are one of the most common form of organization in academic papers. Although the entire article may be causally related, it may be a part of the entire article in some cases. Particularly in short test papers, it is possible to discuss only causes and results, not two. Please see the example below A causal dissertation is another type of paper that is common as part of a larger paper, including paper type or one or more paragraphs for examining cause and effect. This page provides information on what causality is, how to organize such articles, and how to use articles like causal structure words (transition signals). There is also a causal thesis on the theme of women's work, and there are exercises useful for practice in this field. Causes And Effects Of The Amer Introduction about the cause and influence of the American Civil War - The American Civil War began when Peter Bohlegard fired 50 guns at Sumter Fort on April 12, 1861. This marks the beginning of one of the longest and most frequent wars in American history. This is also the only war completely done in the American soil. The whole war lasted four years, killed more than 620,000 Americans and killed them further. Reason - Many people consider the cause of this war to be the abolition of slavery, which is one of the main catalysts of the beginning of the war, but this is not the main reason for the beginning of the war. Causal Thesis is an article explaining the cause (cause) of the event or situation and the result (influence) of the occurrence. Writing causal papers requires a lot of effort, the main idea of ​​writing such articles is to investigate the cause and effect of the phenomenon. However, regarding the structure, the outline of the causal dissertation is simpl e: introduction, body passage and conclusion. If you are assigned to write a causal dissertation, there are many causal themes listed here. Causal relations Thesis examines the cause (or cause) of something and discusses the result (or result). Therefore causal papers are sometimes called rational thesis and result papers. They are one of the most common form of organization in academic papers. Although the entire article may be causally related, it may be a part of the entire article in some cases. Particularly in short test papers, it is possible to discuss only causes and results, not two. Please see the example below A causal dissertation is another type of paper that is common as part of a larger paper, including paper type or one or more paragraphs for examining cause and effect. This page provides information on what causality is, how to organize such articles, and how to use articles like causal structure words (transition signals). There is also a causal thesis on the theme of women's work, and there are exercises useful for practice in this field.

High performance work systems are effective for the performance of Essay - 1

High performance work systems are effective for the performance of organizations but are not very good for employees Critically discuss - Essay Example entally distinct approach for managing the human resource groups as compared to the traditional hierarchical approach of human resource and performance management which are commonly used in mass production and scientific management (Forth and Millward 2004). The core concept of the high performance work system is based on the development of an employer and employee relationship which is radically different from the Tailorysm management techniques of human resource and performance management in which a controlling and dictating approach is taken up (Armstrong 2006). This work system aims at developing high involvement through the development of an adequate degree of commitment among all levels of human resources working in the organization (Forth and Millward, 2004). The notion of the high performance work system are supported by claims that this system of work practices lead to the creation of superior performance at the individual as well as organizational levels (Wright et. al, 2005). However, it can be argued that the system of high performance work systems often makes an organization shift from the conventional and eclectic selection of the best practices employed in human resource management which ensures the creation of higher organizational performance outcomes but does not necessarily add to the performance outcomes of individual employees in an organization (Armstrong 2006). Developing the work on these lines of analysis, this essay is prepared with the objective of critically discussing the role of high performance work systems in organizational and individual performances (Godard 2004). Various researchers across diverse fields of study like industrial relations labor economics, organizational behavior, and strategic human resource management and operations management who have presented varied views regarding the effectiveness of the high performance work systems in the contemporary business organizations (Evans and Davis 2005). As per the views of

The Christian Building and the Jewish Synagogue Essay

The Christian Building and the Jewish Synagogue - Essay Example The Dura-Europos synagogue is referred to by some as "Pompeii of the Syrian Desert†, due to the remarkable preservation it underwent. The Dura exhibited a rectangular shape of the grid, and was located in close proximity with the central agora streets.The location of the Dora on the main crossroads made it a cosmopolitan city, according to inscriptions with multiple languages, together with numerous religious buildings for Jews, Pagans, and Christians that lay side by side (Davies and Whitehead 175). Dura Europos was abandoned after the Sassanian siege that took place between 254 and late 256. During the last gasp of saving the city, the synagogue got filled in in-order to make a fortress, thus facilitating its preservation. This was followed by eventual covering of the city with shifting sands that caused its disappearance. Architectural PortraitThe Dura Europos was largely made of the mud-brick architecture, but its siege works and walls had the dramatic remains that combined with the precipitous views on the Euphrates green valley that made for the striking sight (Olin 10). Being a cosmopolitan society, the Dura-Europos exhibited many inscriptions of different origins, including Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Safaic and the Palmyrenean. Among the Dura Euporos homes, there were three that were converted for religious purposes. For instance, the Mithraem was dedicated to Mithras god worship, and another one had its structure modified to create a synagogue for the Jews (Feugere 723).